JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS

ANESTHETIC SUPPORT FOR HIGH-TECH OPERATIONS IN PEDIATRIC ORTHOPEDICS

Zhu Jiang, Ye Na, Ma Jun, — 2025-03-28

Active introduction of high-tech surgical interventions into the practice of NNIITO, including in pediatric orthopedics, requires an appropriate level of anesthesia. Currently, conduction anesthesia in children, and especially extended ones, has a very limited distribution in China. At the same time, methods are being actively developed abroad that make it possible to mobilize patients in the shortest possible time, including the use of prolonged regional anesthesia [1, 2, 3]. The most modern and objective method of quality control of conduction anesthesia is the use of ultrasound. This is especially true for children, when regional anesthesia cannot be performed while maintaining the patient’s consciousness [4, 5, 6]. For operations on the hip joint, the method of choice is combined spinal-epidural anesthesia in combination with superficial anesthesia and preservation of spontaneous breathing. The choice is due to the following reasons: spinal anesthesia provides the best antinociceptive protection, but in children it has a limited duration of action (80–90 minutes) [7, 8]. Epidural anesthesia makes it possible to extend regional anesthesia for the required period.

EXTRUDED PRODUCT WITH BLACKBERRY SEED BY-PRODUCT: ECO-FRIENDLY SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TO UTILIZE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS

Ravula Bharathi, Aruna Mesa, I.V. Lalitha Kumari, P. Josthna, D. Sheela Paul — 2025-06-26

The exponential population growth and increasing consumer demands for healthy functional foods lead to the dire need for exploration of sustainable phytochemical rich sources. In-depth research on zero-waste food processing through food by-product utility may occupy a promising solution as an eco-friendly method through minimizing the environmental adverse consequences associated with the disposal of food waste. Extruded snack food products being efficient in producing wide variety of innovative value addition and contributes valorization to the agro-industrial waste. Murukku, the traditional Indian savoury is an extruded product suitable to incorporate dehydrated functional food waste powders as appropriate tool for effective bioactive compounds utilization. Blackberry seeds are one of the healthy choices among food waste by-products being rich in antioxidants, dietary fiber, phenolic compounds offering significant nutritional and health benefits to reduce the incidence of chronic disease conditions. Based on this background, the current investigation was aimed at the development of black berry seed based extruded product in the form of murukku. Three different trials were formulation with the major ingredients as rice flour, besan flour, black gram dhal, moong dhal and blackberry seed powder. They were subjected to organoleptic evaluation to test the acceptability of the formulated trials. The panel mean organoleptic scores indicated high acceptability for the portioning of 40:20:20:5:15 in the respective major ingredients. The findings well demonstrated the blackberry seed based murukku as nutritious ready to eat snack owing to good source of protein, fat, crude fiber, calcium and iron. Being low in moisture content might be beneficial in extending shelf stability of the product and ensures quality and safety of the product due low water activity in the product. Promotion of such bioactive food by-products may be an invaluable approach to mitigate protein energy malnutrition in the children and chronic diseases among adults as well as to target for public health and sustainable development goals.

HPLC ESTIMATION AND FORMULATION OF FAST DISSOLVING RAMIPRIL TABLET

Mithileshwar Tiwari, Neha Sodiyal, Shivanand Patil — 2025-06-10

The aim of the study was to formulate and develop method for the simultaneous estimation of fast dissolving ramipril tablet formulation using HPLC. The angle of repose of formulation F1 to F9 was determined to be 25.3, 25.1, 25.2, 25.4, 25.1, 25.0, 25.3, 25.4 and 25.6 respectively which indicates the flow of granules is good. The bulk density, Tapped density of powder (from formulation F1 to F9) was determined was found to be 0.45g/cc, 0.45g/cc, 0.43g/cc, 0.58g/cc, 0.45 g/cc,0.55 g/cc, 0.43 g/cc, 0.55 g/cc, 0.53 g/cc and 0.53g/cc, 0.53g/cc, 0.51g/cc, 0.68g/cc, 0.53 g/cc,0.62 g/cc, 0.51 g/cc, 0.65 g/cc, 0.60 g/cc respectively. The Carr’s inddex was found to be 17.8, 17.8, 18.6, 17.2, 17.8, 12.7, 18.6, 18.2, 13.2 respectively, indicating F6 have lowest value i.e 12.7, thus it has better flow of powder than other formulation. The Hausner's ratio of formulation (F1-F9) was found to be 1.18, 1.18, 1.19, 1.17, 1.18, 1.13, 1.19, 1.18, and 1.13 respectively indicating formulation F6 and F9 have the lowest value (i.e. 1.13) and formulation F3 & F7 had highest value (i.e. 1.19), so formulation F6 and F9 has greater flow of powder among all these formulation., the thickness was around 3 and hardness was found to be 1.5 kg/cm. the friability of tablet was < 1%. The dissolution profile of formulation F1 to F9 was determined was found to be 96.35%, 95.21%, 97.26%, 94.25%, 93.91%, 95.0%, 93.09%, 90.58% and 101.55% respectively. From above data The formulation F3 (contain Polyethylene glycol 4000at greater amount), formulation F6 (containing PVK-30at greater amount), formulation F7, F8 and F9 (F9 (containing both Crosspovidone, MCC and Sodium glycolate)Crosspovidone) shows better release of drug among other formulation. The active content of each formulation was determined the found to be 98.07%, 94.70%, 96.39%, 96.40%, 96.45%, 98.57%, 97.88%, 98.08% and 102.5% from formulation F1 to F9 respectively.

NANO-CHAMELEONS FOR NSCLC: A REVIEW OF CD-GUIDED IMMUNE CELL-ENGINEERED NANOARCHITECTURES

Dr. Diksha Jindal, S.N Sahoo — 2025-08-21

Non-small cell lung most cancers stays among main reasons of most cancers-related mortality worldwide, with confined powerful healing alternatives because of tumor heterogeneity and immune evasion. Current progress in nanoscience and immune engineering possess enabled the manner for progressive remedy strategies. This review makes a speciality of the improvement and application of nano-chameleons—smart, adaptive nanoarchitectures engineered with immune cells guided with the aid of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers—for targeted remedy in NSCLC. These CD-guided immune cell-engineered nanoarchitectures leverage unique cell focused on, improved tumor infiltration, and immune modulation to conquer conventional healing obstacles. We speak the layout principles, useful mechanisms, and preclinical consequences of such nano-chameleons, highlighting their capacity to enhance specificity, lessen off-goal outcomes, and raise antitumor immune responses. Finally, the review outlines modern challenges and future views in translating those nanoengineered platforms into scientific exercise for personalized NSCLC remedy.

QUALITY OF LIFE , COMPLIANCE AND SATISFACTION FOR PATIENTS WITH PERITONEAL DIALYSIS AT QASSIM REGION IN KSA

Shereen A.Qalawa, Wafa A. AlQasem, Kholoud M. Alomeri — 2024-12-18

Background : Patients on dialysis live in a state-owned of prolonged stress are faced with a steady impression of death, diminish their life expectancies, tolerate a strict dietary schedule, and undergo disturbing treatments . The daily scuffle with end-stage renal disease symptoms and co morbidities, accompanied by the need to cope with psychosocial stressors, directly affects patients’ quality of life and mental health . Aim: To Identify quality of life , compliance and satisfaction for patients with peritoneal dialysis in Qassim region at Kingdom Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to conduct the study Convenience samples of 52 peritoneal Patients (male and females) were selected from conducted in dialysis centre in three of the King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah in the Qassim region, KSA . Tools of Data collection include four parts based on a review of relevant recent literature and adapted from Okpechi et al.,2013 and Fadem et al., 2011 regarding assessment of socio-demographic characteristics , investigation values and quality of life dimensions and compliance (physical, social, psychological , spiritual and educational ) and satisfaction level. Results: this study revealed that there was a highly significant relation between peritoneal patients satisfaction and their quality of life (p=0.001) in the items related to daily life and overall quality of life scores . while there are a significant relation were found between daily activities and quality of life (p=0.002, 0.013) in the items related to marital status respectively . Conclusions: There was a highly significant relation between patient's sociodemographic data and their quality of life in the items related to job type. While there are a significant relation were found between daily activities and quality of life in the items related to marital status, educational levels , job type and income levels .Recommendations: More researches to evaluate the effect of intervention program for more evidence that would be helpful for enhance patients 'adaptation and quality of life for peritoneal dialysis patients. Strengthening for implementing instructional scheme regarding peritoneal dialysis and its management in order to increase satisfaction and quality of life among those patients.

CHARACTERIZATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF Β-LACTONE DERIVATIVE WITH NOVEL FUNCTIONAL GROUPS FROM MACROTYLOMA UNIFLORUM

2025-06-21

Macrotyloma uniflorum (horse gram) is a nutritionally rich yet underexplored medicinal plant traditionally used in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine. Despite its widespread applications, limited studies have investigated its bioactive phytoconstituents. This study aims to isolate, characterize, and evaluate the bioactivity of Compound from Macrotyloma uniflorum.

The ethanolic extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum was subjected to column chromatography, leading to the isolation of the Compound. The structure of the Compound was elucidated using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS). Its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were assessed using the agar well diffusion method and DPPH radical scavenging assay, respectively.

Spectral analysis confirmed that Compound is a β-lactone derivative with a fused cyclohexene moiety. The compound exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with inhibition zones of 14 mm and 12 mm, respectively. Additionally, the DPPH scavenging assay revealed 72.3% antioxidant activity at 100 µg/mL, indicating strong free radical neutralization potential.

This study identifies Compound as a bioactive lactone derivative, demonstrating antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Given its pharmacological potential, further research is recommended for in-vivo validation and therapeutic applications. This study establishes a foundation for harnessing Macrotyloma uniflorum as a source of novel natural products in pharmaceutical research.

FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF MIRABEGRON EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS USING HPMC

Chandra Prakash Sunuwar , Meenakshi Kandwal , Shivanand Patil — 2025-05-26

The current investigation centered on the development and in vitro assessment of extended release (ER) tablets of Mirabegron utilizing Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) as the polymer for controlling release. Mirabegron, which acts as a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, is prescribed for the management of overactive bladder syndrome. The objective was to develop an extended release formulation that ensures prolonged drug release, improved patient compliance, and consistent plasma drug levels.

Nine formulations (F1–F9) were prepared using various grades and concentrations of HPMC (K4M, K100M, and K100LV) and evaluated for pre-compression, post-compression, and in vitro drug release parameters. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the absence of interactions between Mirabegron and excipients, ensuring formulation stability. The pre-compression evaluations confirmed favourable flow properties with a Carr’s Index range of 18.33–24.50% and an angle of repose between 25.17° and 29.68°. Analyses conducted after compression showed that all formulations complied with the pharmacopeial criteria for weight uniformity, hardness, friability, and thickness.

Drug release profiles revealed significant variations, with formulation F9 showing optimal sustained release characteristics, achieving 92.88% drug release over 7 hours with zero-order kinetics.

This study highlights the potential of hydrophilic matrix systems in achieving controlled drug release. The findings pave the way for developing effective extended release formulations, offering therapeutic benefits such as reduced dosing frequency, enhanced treatment adherence, and improved management of chronic conditions like overactive bladder syndrome. Future studies should focus on in vivo evaluations and scale-up for commercial production.

Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities of Kigelia africana Fruit Extracts

2025-08-11

Phytochemicals have a widespread role in traditional medical systems and are essential in the treatment of many illnesses. It is well known that medicinal plants are abundant in bioactive substances with potential for treatment. In this study Kigelia africana (sausage tree) fruits were collected, shade-dried, powdered, and used to extract phytochemicals with water and organic solvents. The Standard phytochemical screening procedures were applied to the extracts in order to detect the presence of secondary metabolites and additional constituents. Numerous secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and phenolic compounds, are found in Kigelia africana, which is well known for its therapeutic benefits. The ethanol extract of fruit revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, proteins, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, cholesterol, triterpenoids, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using ethanol and acetone as solvents using the Gram-positive bacteria Streptomyces erythraeus and Bacillus subtilis. Both ethanol and acetone extracts had shown good antibacterial properties against the microorganisms. Additionally, tests indicated that the plant exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. These results offer a phytochemical basis for Kigelia africana's traditional usage in the treatment of infections, inflammation, and oxidative stress diseases. The abundance of different and effective phytochemicals encourages future pharmacological research and the possible creation of plant-based medicinal medicines are supported by the existence of a variety of strong phytochemicals.

STABILITY INDICATING METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE DETERMINATION OF METFORMIN AND DAPAGLIFLOZIN BY RP-HPLC

TejNarayan Tharu, Obed Singh, Dr. Shivanand Patil — 2025-06-30

A simple, Accurate, precise method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Metformin and Dapagliflozin in Tablet dosage form. The chromatogram was run through Kromasil 250 x 4.6 mm, 5m. Mobile phase containing Buffer and Acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40A was pumped through column at a flow rate of 1ml/min. Buffer used in this method was 0.1% OPA buffer and the Temperature was maintained at 30°C. Optimized wavelength for Metformin and Dapagliflozin was 266nm. The retention time of Metformin and Dapagliflozin were found to be 2.330min and 3.098 min. %RSD of the Metformin and Dapagliflozin were and found to be 0.7 and 0.8 respectively. %assay was obtained as 99.57% and 99.76% for Metformin and Dapagliflozin respectively. LOD, LOQ values are obtained from regression equations of Metformin and Dapagliflozin were 0.90ppm, 2.73ppm and 0.02ppm, 0.07ppm respectively. Regression equation of Metformin & Dapagliflozin is y = 2433.x + 15236 and y = 13061x + 672.2. Retention times are decreased and that run time was decreased so the method developed was simple and economical that can be adopted in regular Quality control test in Industries.

ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AMOXICILLIN AND CLOXACILLIN IN API AND ITS DOSAGE FORM BY RP-HPLC

Sony Chaudhary, Obed Singh, Dr. Shivanand Patil — 2025-06-13

A simple, accurate, precise, sensitive and stability indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for simultaneous determination of Amoxicillin and Cloxacillin sodium in bulk and in combined capsule dosage form. Chromatographic separation was performed on C18 column, with mobile phase consist of water, acetonitrile, and methanol in the ratio of 70:20:10 (v/v/v), at flow rate 1.4 ml/min. Quantification of both drugs was achieved at UV detector at 238.8 nm. The retention time of Amoxicillin and Cloxacillin sodium was found to be 8.240 and 14.036 minute respectively with run time 20 minutes. Amoxicillin and Cloxacillin followed the linearity in concentration range 20-100 µg/ml for both with correlation coefficient (r2) values 0.998 for Amoxicillin and 0.998 for Cloxacillin sodium. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ. Percentage assay was found to be 98.92 % and 99.61 % for Amoxicillin and Cloxacillin respectively. In precision % RSD was found to be < 2% for both. The percentage recovery was found in range 99.18%-99.42%. The LOD and LOQ values were within limit. The degradation studies carried under condition of acid, base, neutral, oxidative, photolysis, thermal degradation and no attempt was made to identify the degradation product.

REVOLUTIONIZING DRUG DELIVERY: THE ROLE OF SMART POLYMERS IN TARGETED THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES

Mamatha H S, Ashok Kumar BS, Disha N S — 2025-04-24

Smart polymers, also referred to as stimuli-responsive polymers, are a new class of materials that bring significant advancements in drug delivery systems (DDS). These polymers can respond to specific external stimuli, such as pH, temperature, light, enzymes, and magnetic fields, by changing their physical and chemical properties. This responsiveness allows for targeted and controlled drug delivery, minimizing systemic side effects and improving therapeutic efficacy. Smart polymers are versatile and can be applied in all therapeutic fields, such as cancer treatment, gene therapy, wound healing, and tissue engineering. Some of the latest innovations in DDS based on smart polymers include pH-sensitive polymers for targeted therapy of tumors, temperature-sensitive polymers for controlled drug delivery in febrile conditions, and light-responsive polymers for precise external control of drug delivery. Although promising, these materials face significant hurdles: stability, scalability, toxicity, biocompatibility, and regulatory approval to be used widely in the clinic. In addition, targeting specificity and high production costs limit their availability. Research and development are continuing to address these challenges, aiming to bring smart polymer-based DDS into routine clinical practice, thereby revolutionizing targeted therapies and personalized medicine. This review provides an overview of the types, mechanisms, innovations, and limitations of smart polymers in drug delivery, which would open up possibilities to transform modern therapeutic approaches.

GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZNO NANOPARTICLES FROM PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI AND THEIR INCORPORATION INTO BIOFILMS FOR ACTIVE FOOD PACKAGING

2025-08-11

Green nanotechnology is gaining a lot of attention as a result of the growing need for non-toxic and sustainable materials in food packaging. This work used Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent to create zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in an environmentally friendly manner. The formation, crystalline, functional groups, and surface shape of the bio synthesized ZnO NPs were confirmed by means of UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The nanoparticles had favorable physicochemical characteristics that made them appropriate for use in antibacterial applications. The ZnO NPs were then added to a matrix made of bio polymers to create a biofilm that might be used in active food packaging. The mechanical characteristics, water vapor permeability, and antibacterial efficacy against food borne pathogens of the produced biofilms were assessed. The potential of ZnO NP-enriched biofilms as an efficient active packaging material was shown by the results, which showed improved barrier qualities and increased antibacterial activity. In addition to extending food safety and shelf life, this environmentally friendly strategy supports plant-based nanotechnology-based sustainable packaging solutions.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS ON OXIDATIVE & NON OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE INDUCED BY H2O2 & ASPIRIN

2025-06-12

Aspirin is a non steroidal anti inflammatory drug used widely due to its low cost and efficacy. Aspirin alone does not cause DNA damage but at certain situations like aspirin in water can induce DNA damage. H2O2 is generally used to induce oxidative stress and in this study we used 1% Aspirin dissolved in water and three different concentrations of H2O2 like 5%,15% and 25% to induce DNA damage. We studied protective effect of 10 phytochemical constituents like Lablab purpureus,Mangifera indica,Vigna unguiculata,Musa paradisiaca, Oryza sativa, Vigna radiata, Vigna mungo, Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sativum and Eucalyptus on DNA damage induced by aspirin and H2O2. In the 10 phytochemicals used Oryza sativa offered full protection commonly to all three concentrations of 5%,15% and 25% H2O2 used. Where as Lablab purpureus Ocimum sativum and Eucalyptus protected commonly with 5% and 25% H2O2.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TOTAL THORACOSCOPIC AORTIC VALVE SURGERY AND TRADITIONAL OPEN-CHEST AORTIC VALVE SURGERY: A PROPENSITY SCORE-MATCHED STUDY

Xiaofei Zhang, Bin Ni — 2025-04-09

Research aim:

By collecting and analyzing the clinical data of total thoracoscopic aortic valve replacement, and comparing it with the relevant data of traditional midline thoracotomy aortic valve replacement, in order to ensure the accuracy of the comparison, the study adopted sophisticated propensity score matching technology. To identify the significant advantages and unique features of total thoracoscopic surgery. In addition, this study also included a detailed compilation and analysis of domestic and foreign literature on minimally invasive aortic valve replacement surgery, compared the application effects of different minimally invasive surgical methods in clinical practice, and in-depth analysis of the advantages and disadvantages. These research results provide important reference for the promotion and application of total thoracoscopic surgery in clinical practice. To scientifically evaluate the feasibility, safety, minimally invasive and cosmetic effects of total thoracoscopic technology in aortic valve replacement. Verify the reliability of the total thoracoscopic heart valve surgery model and the surgical operation specifications and clinical treatment standards, and lay a theoretical and clinical foundation for the application and promotion of total thoracoscopic technology in cardiac surgery.

Research methods:

Selected patients: We screened a total of 24 eligible patients in the thoracoscopic group who underwent thoracoscopic surgery in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2023, and 366 patients who underwent traditional median sternotomy aortic valve replacement. By propensity score matching, 24 patients in the total thoracoscopic aortic valve replacement group were compared with 24 patients in the traditional midline thoracotomy group (control group). Surgical technique: 1.1 Anesthesia management: same as mitral valve. 1.2 Establishment of peripheral extracorporeal circulation: same as mitral valve. 1.3 Surgical method: 1.3.1 Setting of three holes on the chest wall: The first hole is the entry hole for the left hand instrument, 1 to 2 cm long, located between the anterior axillary line and the mid-axillary line on the right side of the third intercostal space. The second hole is the right-hand instrument entrance hole, 2.5-3 cm long, located between the midclavicular line and the anterior axillary line. The third hole is the thoracoscopic entrance, located at the junction of the anterior axillary line and the mid-axillary line in the fourth intercostal space on the right side, and is about 1.5-2cm long. 1.3.2 The sequence of three-port incision is as follows: Same as the mitral valve. 1.3.3 Pericardial incision and suspension: same as mitral valve. 1.3.4 Place left ventricular drainage: same as mitral valve. 1.3.5 Insert the perfusion tube into the aortic root: same as the mitral valve. 1.3.6 Block the ascending aorta: Insert the aorta blocking forceps into the operating hole of the left hand. Myocardial protective solution can be injected through the aortic root, and this method is suitable for perfusion in patients with aortic valve stenosis. 1.3.7 Perfuse the left and right coronary arteries separately under direct vision: For patients with aortic regurgitation, use an oblique incision near the aortic root, about 1.5-2 cm from the front wall of the aorta, and observe the openings of the left and right coronary arteries. , and then use a three-way perfusion tube to perfuse the left and right coronary arteries simultaneously. 1.3.8 Aortic incision and traction: Gradually extend the aortic incision from the left side to above the junction of the left and right coronary arteries, and then further expand to the right. Near the border of the left coronary sinus, the surgical team will A 5-0 Prolene suture is applied to the center of the upper end and combined with a spacer for lifting. This step is to properly draw the incision edge superiorly and to the right and ensure that it is stably attached to the inferior right edge of the pericardiotomy area. At the same time, 5-0 Prolene sutures and spacers were also used for suspension on both sides of the lower end of the aortic incision, and were respectively pulled and safely fixed on the left edge of the pericardiotomy and the surface of the diaphragm to ensure the stability of the incision. 1.3.9 Treatment of the aortic valve: Use a 2/0 double-ended needle with a gasket, place the gasket on the left ventricular side or aortic side of the aortic valve annulus, and perform mattress-style interrupted sutures along the aortic valve annulus. The order of suturing is first the right coronary annulus, then the left coronary annulus, and finally the non-coronary annulus. All sutures are pulled out through the right-hand operating hole and evenly stuck on the wire clamping ring. After the external thoracic valve is sutured, they are inserted into the aortic valve annulus through the right-hand operating hole and tied and fixed with a special knotter. The aortic incision is sutured with 4-0 Prolene sutures with pads using a combination of mattress and continuous methods to reduce incisional bleeding.

Research result:

After propensity score matching, there was no significant statistical difference in the basic data between the total thoracoscopy group and the control group. The results of the study showed that compared with traditional open surgery, the average operation time of the total thoracoscopic AVR group increased (188.39±41.78 vs. 169.93±43.56, p=0.0027). Similarly, the average cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross-clamping time in the thoracoscopic group were significantly longer than those in the control group (179.87±47.65min vs. 109.47±19.46min, p<0.0001; 119.53±30.89min vs.68.12±18.08min, p <0.0001. Moreover, the proportion of patients in the thoracoscopic AVR group with extracorporeal circulation time greater than 120 minutes and aortic cross-section time greater than 90 minutes was significantly higher than that in the control group (25.0% vs. 4.1%, p < 0.0001; 16.7% vs. 4.1 %, p=0.0105). In addition, the average tracheal intubation time of patients in the thoracoscopic AVR group was significantly lower than that of the control group (16.13±6.88h vs. 25.01±17.41h, p=0.0029). The average intraoperative blood loss in the thoracoscopic AVR group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The difference was significant (P=0.0017). (142.59 ± 108.56ml vs. 261.08 ± 79.78, P < 0.0001) Similarly, the average postoperative drainage volume of patients in the thoracoscopic AVR group was also significantly lower than that in the control group ( 288.45 ± 201.17ml vs. 399.75 ± 298.08ml, p = 0.0298. ). None of the 48 AVR patients died during hospitalization or within one month after surgery, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of major complications after surgery (8.3% vs. 12.5%, p=0.8987).

Conclusion and significance:

This study shows that compared with conventional open surgery, total thoracoscopic aortic replacement is feasible, safe, reduces hospitalization time, and achieves better minimally invasive and cosmetic effects, providing support for the promotion of thoracoscopic technology. This initiative has established a solid theoretical foundation and clinical experience and is of great and lasting significance to the scientific community

EFFECT OF SODIUM NITRATE NANOPARTICLES ON GERMINATION OF FINGER MILLET (ELEUSINE CORACANA L.) AND STUDY OF BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN GERMINATED FINGER MILLET (ELEUSINE CORACANA L.) SEEDS TREATED WITH SODIUM NITRATE NANOPARTICLES

2025-07-30

Sodium Nitrate nanoparticles are used to study the biochemical parameters like carbohydrate concentration, protein concentration, antioxidant scavenging capacity, catalase activity and germination capacity in finger millet seeds after treatment with nitrate nanoparticles. Total chlorophyll content and chla, chlb is measured after testing the germination capacity in soil. Carbohydrate content, protein content is found to be highest in 2mMNP treated group of 0.24mg/0.5mg/ml and 95mg/ml. Lipid mobilisation is higher in 2mMNP treated group compared to1mM and control which may be due to metabolic stress and lower metabolic rate in that treated group.Total reducing sugar content is recorded highest in 1mMNP and control groups than the total carbohydrate content may be due to synthesis of glucogenic compounds by breakdown of protein. Antioxidant scavenging capacity was found to be highest in control group (100%) followed by 1mMNP (98.6%) with slighter lesser value in 2mM treated group (95.9%).Catalase activity is recorded as high with 2mM treated group of 21.4% compared to 1mM and control with reference to standard which indicates oxidative stress. Total chlorophyll content , chla and chlb values are recorded as highest in 1mMNP treated group group ( Chla: 8.6353, Chl b: 6.7363, Total chl: 22.0666) compared to control( Chla: 0.8976, Chl b: 2.7750, Total chl: 5.2846) and 2mMNP treated groups ( Chla: 3.7264, Chl b: 3.0321, Total chl: 9.3794).

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR NEW ANALYTICAL METHOD OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN BY RP-HPLC

Anjali Chaudhary, Dr. Rita Saini, Dr. Shivanand Patil — 2025-06-10

An innovative approach has been developed and validated for HPLC analysis of Dapagliflozin. This method was verified based on ICH guidelines, encompassing accuracy, linearity, precision, and robustness. The UV spectra of the standard solution were analyzed across the wavelength range of 200 nm to 400 nm, revealing the isobestic point at 205 nm. The Dapagliflozin peak was successfully separated using a mobile phase comprising 65:35 v/v of buffer and acetonitrile, with the buffer pH set to 3.8 using either orthophosphoric acid or sodium hydroxide, achieving optimal retention time, peak area, and symmetry. All analytical parameters were appraised using a Shimadzu C18 column (15 cm × 4.6 mm internal diameter, 5 µm particle size), ensuring the Dapagliflozin peak was distinctly resolved at a wavelength of 205 nm. Dapagliflozin exhibited a retention time of 6.986 minutes, with a flow rate of 0.8 ml/minute and a sample volume of 10µl. The regression coefficients (r²) were found to be 0.99985 for the standard solution and 0.99947 for the test solution, both meeting the acceptable criteria. The assay recovered rate assorted between 99.10% and 101.71%.

NEWLY GRADUATED NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARD GENETIC CARE AT THE QASSIM REGION IN SAUDI ARABIA.

2025-03-25

Aim: The practice of genetic nursing is a specialization that requires sufficient investigation. Recent developments in genetic understanding and technology have affected nursing practice across the board. This study aims to investigate the newly graduated nurses’ knowledge and attitude level toward genetic care in the Qassim region of at the Qassim region in Saudi Arabia. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive design was recruited in this study. Methods: The study was conducted in the Qassim region’s hospitals from October 1, 2023, to February 30, 2024, based on a convenience sample of all newly graduated nurses available during the data collection period (50 nurses). One tool was adapted three main parts: demographic data, knowledge, and attitude sections about nurses’ roles toward genetic care. A T-test and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. Results: The findings of the study showed that most of the nurses studied had an inadequate level of knowledge and a negative attitude toward genetic care. Furthermore, there is a statistically significant correlation between newly graduated nurses’ knowledge and their attitude level (p=059). Conclusion: Intermittent in-service programs regarding genetic care’s knowledge and attitude in delivering genetic treatment modalities for various diseases. The nursing curriculum should include topics and clinical training to improve their knowledge and attitudes regarding genetics care, and further research is required. Patient or Public Contribution: Medical-surgical nursing experts were consulted during the design stages of the data collection, analysis, and article review processes.

ASSESSMENT OF LIFESTYLE PRACTICES, MEDICATION ADHERENCE AND CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN GERIATRIC INPATIENTS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Vishwas A T L, Ritesh Agrawal — 2025-06-21

Background: Metabolic syndrome is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The combination of proper education, good lifestyle practices, and medication adherence helps to improve good therapeutic effect and quality of life. And also, prevent cardiovascular complications.

Objective: To assess the lifestyle practices and cardiovascular complications of metabolic syndrome in geriatric patients. And also, to evaluate the medication adherence and barriers for non-compliance.

Methodology: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted for a duration of one year. Totally, 650 of both male and female patients of age above 65 were enrolled. Ethical approval was obtained from MIMS, Mandya. The patients who are having at least three components from the diagnostic criteria of South Asians were included. Details such as demographics, lifestyle practices, occupation, physical activity, medication adherence, and cardiovascular complications were collected and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: Among 650 patients, 344 (53%) male patients are more admitted to the hospital. There is a relationship between age, education, economic status, and area of residence with respect to metabolic syndrome. The good lifestyle practices, such as a protein and fat diet, are seen in 165 (25.6%) patients. The maximum number of patients consume 521 (80.3%) of 3 times coffee/day as a bad habit. Physical activity was seen in 216 (33.5%) patients. Medication adherence was found to be 58.9% of patients, and forgetfulness was the main barrier to non-adherence in 34 (27%) patients. Among cardiovascular complications, the majority are suffering from coronary artery diseases 104 (35%).

Conclusion: Our study concludes that male patients were more prevalent, and age, income, education, and residence also influence the development of metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle practices and medication adherence both are essential to achieving good therapeutic effect and preventing cardiovascular complications in geriatric patients.

ISOLATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS THAT DISRUPTS THE FORMATION OF BIOFILM IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

2025-05-31

Biofilm formation is a multi-step process involves attachment of free floating bacteria to the solid matrix and secreting extracellular matrix substances finally succeeding in forming biofilm. Biofilm formation in bacteria helps in overhelming the environmental stressors, antibiotic resistance, offers enhanced protection against immunity and increased chances of genetic exchange. So, Phytochemical constituents that disrupt biofilm formation in microbes can help in designing new antibiotic agents. In this study we have selected five phytochemical constituents like Vigna mungo,Vigna unguiculata, Magniferous indica,Vigna radiata and Lathyrus sylvestris for the biofilm disruption. First we isolated S.aureus using nasal swab technique and confirmed the strain using Gram staining and catalase test. Futher to study the biofilm disruption we induced biofilm formation in S.aureus using solvents toulene and Glycerol. Biofilm confirmation was done by plating on EMB agar and Brain heart infusion agar. In the five phytochemical constituents Vigna mungo showed the positive response in disruption of toulene formed biofilm at concentrations 1.0% and 1.5%. Whereas Magnifera indica disrupted both toulene and glycerol formed biofilms at almost all concentrations (0.5%-2.5%) used.

CHARACTERIZATION OF ROOT-ASSOCIATED RHIZOBACTERIA INCLUDING BACILLUS MESONAE FOR BIOINOCULANT POTENTIAL IN VIGNA UNGUICULATA

2025-08-11

Leguminous crops such as Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) harbor symbiotic and as- sociative root bacteria that play a vital role in soil fertility and plant growth. This study focuses on isolating and characterizing root-associated bacteria particularly Rhizobium spp. and Bacillus mesonae with potential for eco-friendly biofertilizer development. Root nodules and rhizospheric soil were collected from cowpea plants in Chinnagottigallu village, Andhra Pradesh, and bacterial isolates were obtained using selective media. Morphological, biochemical, and molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing was carried out for accurate classification. Func- tional assays assessed indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production and nitrogen fixation potential. The Bacillus mesonae and Rhizobium isolates demonstrated traits that support plant growth, improve nutrient uptake, and enhance soil health. These native microbial isolates hold promise as sustainable alternatives to synthetic fertilizers, promoting soil health and crop productivity. Field trials are recommended to evaluate their efficacy across diverse agroecological zones.

STUDY OF EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OILS: EFFECTS OF THE FORMATION OF PYROPHEOPHYTIN A AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE QUALITY LOSSES OF THESE OILS

Mustapha Dibane, Abdelfattah El mahbouby, Miloudi Hlaibi — 2025-01-13

Pyropheophytin A (PPP), generated at high levels through heat treatment, can significantly impact the quality of virgin oil. To address this, we devised a novel chromatographic method employing HPLC with UV-Visible detection to quantify PPP levels. We conducted an analysis on eighteen samples of extra virgin olive oils sourced from various regions in Morocco, assessing parameters such as free acidity, peroxide value, specific UV extinction, total phenols content, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, tocopherols, and PPP percentage. Our results were revealing, indicating that certain samples surpassed the maximum acceptable PPP level of 17%, thereby posing a notable threat to oil quality.

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF VALACYCLOVIR DERIVATIVES OF [(2-AMINO-9-((2-HYDROXY ETHOXY)ETHYL)-1H-PURINE-6(9H)-ONE) ].

CHAITRAMALLU M, PARVATHI G R, B S SUJATHA, SINDHU G M — 2025-06-21

Valacyclovir is a synthetic purine nucleoside analogue that has been approved by FDA as an antiviral drug. One of the most commonly used valacyclovir which works at lower concentration than acyclovir is a very old drug that was used during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection worldwide. DPPH radical scavenging assay, Hydroxyl scavenging, DNA binding and protecting assay, antimicrobial activity and ATPase activity of 2-amino-9-((2-hydroxy ethoxy) methyl)-1H-purin-6(9H)-one derivatives were assessed. Among the selected guanine derivatives SA-A to J, SA-D analogue possessed comparatively highest DPPH radical scavenging potential, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The guanine derivatives B, C, F, H comparatively showed excellent DNA protecting activity. SA-A to SA-J responded differentially to gram positive and gram negative bacterial cultures. H+/K+ ATPase inhibition activity of tested guanine analogues revealed that SA-E has higher inhibitory potency. In the present investigation, the biological screening of 2-amino-9-((2-hydroxy ethoxy) methyl)-1H-purin-6(9H)-one derivatives responded differentially and to summarize SA-D analogue is a strong antioxidant and SA-E is comparatively potent Gastric H⁺ /K⁺ ATPase inhibitor.

THE ROLE OF MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSES IN PREVENTING HOSPITAL READMISSIONS AMONG HEART FAILURE PATIENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

2025-05-13

Background: Heart failure (HF) remains a leading cause of hospital readmissions globally, posing significant healthcare costs and patient burden. Evidence highlights the pivotal role of medical-surgical nurses in post-discharge education, care coordination, and early intervention, which significantly reduces readmissions. Aim: This critical review aims to examine the role of medical-surgical nurses in preventing hospital readmissions among heart failure patients. Data Search, Review, and Collection: Data were collected from 2018 to 2025 using databases like PubMed, CINAHL, and the Saudi Digital Library. Keywords included "heart failure," "hospital readmissions," "nursing interventions," and "patient education."

Implications for Clinical Practice: This review emphasizes the need for structured nursing interventions, patient-centered education, and transitional care programs to minimize HF readmissions. Nurses are integral to achieving sustainable improvements in heart failure outcomes through education, early identification of deterioration, medication reconciliation, and emotional support. Heart failure remains a global epidemic affecting millions. By empowering patients through education and continuity of care, medical-surgical nurses can significantly mitigate the cycle of readmissions, improving both quality of life and system efficiency.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF BAMBUSA VULGARIS LEAF EXTRACTS

Bojjala Sravya, J. Jayanth, Sagi Sowmika, Radha Yadamuri, Muppuru Muni Kesavulu — 2025-08-11

Because of its therapeutic qualities, Bambusa vulgaris, also referred to as yellow bamboo, is frequently used in traditional medicine. Using ethanol and acetone as two distinct solvents, the current study sought to assess the phytochemical makeup and biological activity of Bambusa vulgaris leaf extracts. Key secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, and proteins were detected by preliminary phytochemical screening. For the majority of phytoconstituents, ethanol outperformed the other solvent in terms of extraction efficiency, indicating that it is better suited to solubilize a wide variety of bioactive substances.

The phosphomolybdenum assay was used to evaluate the extracts' antioxidant activity. The results showed that the ethanol extract had a substantially higher total antioxidant capacity than the acetone extract, indicating a stronger capacity to scavenge free radicals. The disc diffusion method was used to assess antibacterial efficacy against two bacterial strains, Streptomyces erythraeus and Bacillus subtilis. In both bacteria, the ethanol extract generated bigger zones of inhibition, indicating more potent antimicrobial action. Additionally, the protein denaturation inhibition assay was used to assess the anti-inflammatory effect. Its substantial anti-inflammatory action was further supported by the results, which demonstrated a clear dose-dependent response with the ethanol extract showing higher suppression of protein denaturation.

The study concludes that Bambusa vulgaris is a viable natural medicinal agent source that possesses anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant qualities. A scientific foundation for the use of ethanol in the creation of plant-based pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products was established when it was discovered to be a more efficient solvent for removing bioactive components from Bambusa vulgaris leaves.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR NEW ANALYTICAL METHOD OF TIZANIDINE BY RP-HPLC

Sujita Kumari, Obed Singh — 2025-06-13

A new HPLC method development and validation for the analysis of Tizanidine in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation was developed and validated. The method was validated according to ICH validation parameters like accuracy, linearity, precision, robustness. The UV spectra for the standard solution was scanned in the wavelength of 200nm to 400nm. The iso-bestic point was determined at 318nm. Peak of Tizanidine was resolved with the Mobile phase of 50:50 v/v of water and methanol and by adjusting the pH to 4.0 with ortho-phosphoric acid or sodium hydroxide and the satisfactory result in term of retention time, peak area, symmetry was obtained. All the analysis parameters were carried out using Shimadzu C18 column (15cm×4.6mm internal diameter, 5µ particle size) and the peak of Tizanidine showed well resolved at wavelength of 318 nm. The retention time of Tizanidine was found to be 5.574minute at the flow rate of 1.0 ml per minute and at 20µl of sample. The regression coefficient(r²) was found to be 0.99972 for standard solution and 0.99964 for test solution, which is within the acceptance criteria. The percentage recovery of assay was 99.36% to 100.59%.

COMPARING THE EFFICACY OF PHYSICS FORCEPS AND CONVENTIONAL FORCEPS IN MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR EXTRACTIONS: INSIGHTS FROM CLINICAL EXPERIENCE

Ahtesham Ahmad Qurishi — 2025-04-21

Objectives. Atraumatic tooth extraction aims to preserve the alveolar bone and surrounding structures. Several tools have been designed for atraumatic extraction of teeth like physics forceps which have been found to be very effective. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of physics forceps and compare the clinical outcomes to the conventional forceps.

Methods: In this comparative study 100 patients requiring simple dental extractions of first mandibular molar were divided into two groups each group having 50 patients. Extractions in one group were done using Conventional forces and in other group using Physics forceps.

Parameters like fracture of crown and root, cortical plate fracture, soft tissue injuries, duration of surgery, post operative pain, patient satisfaction, and post-extraction socket healing evaluated.

Results: The mean surgical time taken using physics forceps was shorter than conventional forceps but without statistical significance. Root and buccal cortical plate fractures were lower in the physics forceps group. Higher patient satisfaction was found in the physics forceps group (82%). Post extraction socket healing was equal in 75% of the cases. Soft tissue injuries less in patients with physics forceps group and no significant difference between two groups regarding analgesic intake for pain control.

Conclusion: Physics forceps are a valuable alternative to traditional forceps for atraumatic tooth extraction due to less surgical time taken and better satisfaction rate

SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF VIRTUAL REALITY-BASED REHABILITATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT ON PAIN AND FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS: A NOVEL INTEGRATIVE APPROACH

2025-08-11

Background:
A common degenerative joint disease, knee osteoarthritis (OA) is marked by persistent discomfort, decreased mobility, and a lower quality of life. Traditional pharmacological treatment, such as the use of analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), relieves symptoms but ignores functional restrictions. A promising supplementary therapy for increasing physical activity and encouraging neuromuscular engagement in a safe, stimulating setting is virtual reality (VR)-based rehabilitation.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the way pharmaceutical treatment and virtual reality-based rehabilitation work together to improve knee OA patients' functional abilities and reduce pain.

Methods:
Thirty people with grade 2 and grade 3 osteoarthritis of the knee were divided into two groups at random, with 15 participants each: Group A received pharmaceutical management, while Group B received pharmaceutical management combined with VR-based rehabilitation sessions. Low-Level Laser Therapy was also administered to both groups as a component of standard physical therapy. The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for pain, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and range-of-motion evaluations will be used as outcome measures both before and after the intervention.

Outcome Measures:

WOMAC Questionnarie and NPRS

Results

The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) scores indicated that both Group A (pharmacological management alone) and Group B (pharmacological management combined with virtual reality-based rehabilitation) were effective in reducing pain. However, Group B demonstrated greater improvement in pain reduction compared to Group A. In terms of functional improvement, assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and range of motion (ROM), Group B showed statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) over Group A. Participants in Group B achieved faster gains in joint mobility and greater functional independence, indicating the added benefit of incorporating virtual reality-based rehabilitation alongside pharmacological treatment. These findings suggest that while both interventions were effective, the combination approach in Group B was more effective than Group A in improving both pain and functional outcomes, supporting the efficacy of a synergistic rehabilitation strategy for managing knee osteoarthritis.

Conclusion:

The combination of virtual reality-based rehabilitation with pharmacological management was more effective than pharmacological treatment alone in improving pain and functional outcomes in patients with knee osteoarthritis. This integrative approach enhances mobility and supports faster functional recovery.

VALIDATE RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF LEVOCLOPERASTINE FENDIZOATE PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

Ranjana Kumari Mahato, Dr. Rita Saini — 2025-06-30

A simple, accurate, precise method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the levocloperastine hydrochloride in suspension dosage form. Chromatogram was run through symmetry (250 × 4.6) mm; 5 micron, C18. Mobile phase containing buffer (pH 3.5) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 50:50 was pumped through column at flow rate of 1 ml/min. The mobile phase temperature was maintained at 30 °C, optimized wavelength for levocloperastine is 273 nm. Retention time of Levocloperastine was found to be 5.403 min, tailing factor and number of theoretical plate were 1.146 and 4455 respectively. Regression value of levocloperastine from linearity curve was found to be 0.997109 which suggest very strong linearity , expected in pharmaceutical and QC lab.

ASSESSMENT OF CARDIAC BIOMARKER WITH MYOCARDIAL 2D STRAIN ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR EARLY DETECTION OF DOXORUBICIN INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CHEMOTHERAPY

Divya Lakshmi V , Anita Ramesh Chandra , Abishkauf Jenish Beautlin , Priya M — 2025-02-14

BACKGROUND:

One of the highly-effective cancer drug (doxorubicin) are used widely in the treatment of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, ovarian cancer, leukemia etc.., and have led to important gains in survival. Cancer patients survive longer, the impact of cardiotoxicity associated with the use of cancer treatments escalates. However, these agent carry a significant risk of cardiovascular morbidity. The present study investigates whether early alterations of myocardial strain and blood biomarker predict incident cardiotoxicity in patients treating with doxorubicin chemotherapeutic agent.

METHODS:

A prospective observational study was done in 30 consecutive breast cancer patients who was treated with doxorubicin. Complete clinical details of patients were taken. Blood samples were taken before and after first course of chemotherapy. hs-Trop I were measured and GLS echocardiography were performed. Pearson correlation and Spearman correlation were used to determine before and after first course of chemotherapy using doxorubicin chemotherapeutic agents.

RESULT:

A total of 30 consecutive breast cancer patients were taken up for the study. hs TnI level increased and decline in LVEF were observed from baseline to completion of (p < 0.05) Doxorubicin cycle. A greater risk of cardiotoxicity was associated with interval changes in hs TnI and GLS.

CONCLUSION:

Early increases in TnI and decline in LVEF levels offers additive information about the risk of cardiotoxicity in patients undergoing chemotherapy with Doxorubicin chemotherapeutic agent.